Air pollution was a top public health risk, causing up to 7 million annual deaths. A further 1.4 million people die from diarrhea and parasites due to lack of clean drinking water, according to the report, which was released during the five-day UN Environment Assembly being held in Nairobi, Kenya.
The UN estimated that 9 million deaths worldwide in 2015 alone could be attributed to environmental factors.
The report appealed for policymakers to take "urgent action at an unprecedented scale" and emphasized that more environmental protection measures are necessary to prevent millions of premature deaths by 2050 in Asia, the Middle East and Africa.
"The report shows that policies and technologies already exist to fashion new development pathways that will avoid these risks and lead to health and prosperity for all people," said Joyeeta Gupta, co-chair of the report.
The UN also indicated that excess consumption, food waste and pollution in wealthier countries is another factor leading to hunger poverty and disease in poorer parts of the world.
It recommended a more sustainable system of growing the global economy to prevent deaths and widespread public health crises in the name of economic growth.
"If you have a healthy planet it supports not only global GDP but it also supports the lives of the very poorest because they depend on clean air and clean water," Joyeeta Gupta explained.
Joyce Msuya, the acting UN environment chief, said the world needed to "transform the way economies work" while breaking the "link between growth and increased resource use and end throwaway culture. The science is clear. The health and prosperity of humanity is directly tied with the state of our environment," said Msuya.
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