India's Land Grab

At least 11 million people in India risk being uprooted from their homes and land as authorities build highways and airports and cordon off forests,  undermining a government push to provide housing for all citizens by 2022, activists said on Tuesday. The government plan, Housing for All, is meant to create 20 million new urban housing units and 30 million rural homes by 2022. But implementation has been slow, and campaigners say it will not fix the issue of homelessness and informal settlements.

"It is ironic that forced evictions and demolitions have continued despite the Housing for All scheme, and other government programmes that claim to focus on housing for marginalised and low-income populations,"

The estimate includes about 1.9 million indigenous families whose land claims under the Forest Rights Act have been rejected, said advocacy group Housing and Land Rights Network (HLRN).

Last year alone, authorities demolished at least 114 houses every day, evicting about 23 people every hour, according to HLRN's report.  Slum clearance and city "beautification" drives accounted for nearly half the evictions, while infrastructure and development projects, and forest protection made up a fourth each, it said. In most cases, authorities did not follow due process, including giving advance notice, and few people were resettled or received adequate compensation. Authorities demolished more than 41,700 homes last year across the country, forcefully evicting at least 202,000 people, according to HLRN.

"Evictions have become so common, they are normalised, and we don't see the outpouring of sympathy and help that we see when there is a big natural disaster," said Shivani Chaudhry, executive director of HLRN. "But there is nothing normal about evicting the poorest, most vulnerable people to beautify cities or build an airport," she told the Thomson Reuters Foundation

The rapid growth of Indian cities, combined with unclear land ownership, is increasingly triggering legal disputes and forceful evictions of poorer communities, rights groups say. There are more than 680 disputes over land in India, affecting nearly 8 million people, according to research firm Land Conflict Watch.