World Cup Winners?

Adidas and Nike are kitting out 22 of 32 teams at the football tournament in Russia. Adidas and Nike have moved most of their sourcing to Indonesia, Cambodia and Vietnam, where wages are lower and labour abuses rife. The Sportswear giants must ensure workers in their Asian supplier factories are paid a fair wage as their share of the production cost dwindles, civil society groups said. The share of what Adidas and Nike spend on making a pair of shoes that goes into workers' pockets has fallen since the early 1990s, said the Clean Clothes Campaign (CCC), citing a shift in manufacturing from China to cheaper countries such as Indonesia.

"The share of production costs of Nike and Adidas shoes that ends up in a worker's pocket is now a staggering 30 percent less than in the early 1990s (2.5 percent in 2017 for Nike shoes compared with 4 percent in 1995)," the CCC said in a statement. "The brands decided to spend their money on football players rather than on the workers stitching their shirts and shoes."

In the three nations (Indonesia, Cambodia and Vietnam), garment workers' average salaries are 45 to 65 percent below the so-called "living wage" that would allow them to cover their families' basic needs, said the global coalition of trade unions, workers and human rights groups. Much of Adidas' and Nike's sportswear is made in Indonesia, where 80 percent of workers in the garment sector are women and some make as little as 86 euros ($102) a month while others do not earn the legal minimum wage, according to the CCC's report.

Weekly wages should be enough to meet workers' basic needs and afford them extra income to improve their lives in order to avoid them remaining "trapped in a cycle of poverty", according to Martin Buttle of the Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI). "Brands like Nike and Adidas need to take their responsibilities seriously ... and pay suppliers a fair price," Buttle told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. "Failure to do that can often result in low pay and poor conditions," he added.

"This is a long standing problem of poverty level wages ... brands are squeezing the prices which then has an impact on the workers," said Anannya Bhattacharjee of the Asia Floor Wage Alliance (AFWA), a group which represents garment workers. "Soccer is an inspirational sport but what everybody needs to remember is that the labour that goes behind the scenes to clothe the inspirational sportspeople is extreme exploitation and agony," Bhattacharjee said. "That is what we need to stop."