‘The
September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated
Islamist
terrorist suicide
attacks carried
out by al-Qaeda against
the United States in 2001. On that morning, 19
terrorists hijacked
four commercial airliners scheduled
to travel from the East
Coast to
California. The hijackers crashed the first two planes into the Twin
Towers of the World
Trade Center
in
New York City and aimed the next two flights toward targets in or
near Washington, D.C., in an attack on the nation's capital. The
third team succeeded in striking the
Pentagon,
the headquarters of the U.S.
Department of Defense in
Arlington
County, Virginia,
while the fourth
plane crashed
in rural Pennsylvania during
a passenger revolt. The September 11 attacks killed 2,977 people,
making it the deadliest terrorist attack in history. In response to
the attacks, the United States waged the multi-decade global war
on terror to
eliminate hostile groups deemed terrorist organizations, as well as
the foreign governments purported to support them, in Afghanistan,
Iraq,
Syria,
and several other countries. ‘
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks
The below is from the Socialist Standard October 2001
'Usama
bin Laden’s photograph has been splashed across every newspaper
front page in the world. He has replaced Saddam Hussein as the
World’s No. 1 Mad Man. Already there is a $10 million price on his
head. George W Bush has spoken of the old Wild West wanted posters
and how bin Laden’s name is now on one. But who is bin Laden and
how did he come to prominence?
Usama
bin Laden is a billionaire Islamic fundamentalist, former US ally and
protégé, who fronts a terrorist organisation whose fighters were
trained and financed by the CIA during the Russian occupation of
Afghanistan. The US, in fact, were arming groups like the notorious
Mujahedin a full six months before the Russian invasion of December
1979 and it is estimated that at the Russian withdrawal, US aid to
them totalled $5 billion (this monetary support for some seven
fundamentalist and extremist groups beginning after 1980 when Reagan
quadrupled the CIA budget to £36 billion). Even after the Russian
withdrawal, the US still supported the Mujahedin, though more
covertly now and through Pakistan’s version of the CIA, the ISI.
What they were—and still are—up to is perhaps best revealed in
the words of Jimmy Carter’s adviser Zbigniev Brzezinski who
described Afghanistan at the time as “the greatest chessboard”.
Most
favoured status
The Islamic zealots the US are prepared to
annihilate in Afghanistan were afforded most favoured status during
the Russian occupation of Afghanistan. Under the Carter
administration and beginning in 1980, they were trained in their
thousands at the CIA’s Camp Peary and at the ex-army base at Harvey
Point in Carolina; by the Green Berets at Fort Bragg in North
Carolina and indeed by the SAS in Scotland. They would go on to be
trained at Fort A.P. Hill, just off the Washington-Richmond
interstate highway, and at Camp Picket in Virginia by Green Berets
and US Navy SEALS. This was not simply “basic” training. They
were trained in over 60 deadly skills, including the use of
sophisticated fuses, timers and explosives, remote control devices
for land mines, incendiary devices and the use of automatic weapons
with armour-piercing shells. Thus the US went about supporting a
ten-year long Jihad in the hope of preventing Russian state
capitalism expanding its empire in central Asia southwards towards
the Indian Ocean.
Following
the car bomb attack at the World Trade Centre eight years ago, four
of those arrested and charged with the attack were found to be linked
to bin Ladens’s al-Qaeda organisation and amongst those trained by
the US (Robert Fox, New York’s regional FBI director revealed this
in a TV interview in 1993). When the US attacked bin Laden’s bases
near the village of Khost in Afghanistan (along with the Sudanese
pharmaceutical factory) following attacks on US embassies in Africa,
they could do so with pin point accuracy for the CIA had planned and
designed them.
The
US is now reaping the bitter harvest of its foreign policy which used
Islamic fundamentalism as a puppet in its perennial game of
globo-political profit-making. For years it courted some of the most
dangerous, conservative and fanatical followers of Islam, but the
capitalist globalisation process, which the US has pursued
obsessively, has served to make political Islam more reactionary in
defence of its own culture and strategic interests.
Covert
terrorism
Whilst the world is outraged at the terrorist attacks
on the USA mainland, it must be remembered that the US has been
conducting and supporting just as deadly covert acts of terrorism
around the globe for 50 years. For instance, the US and Britain
supported Suharto’s military coup in Indonesia in 1966, which
resulted in the deaths of 600,000 mainly ethnic Chinese supporters of
the Indonesian “Communist” Party, the PKI. And it was the US who
toppled (also on an 11 September) the elected Allende government in
Chile which resulted in thousands of deaths and countless
disappearances. When Israel invaded Lebanon in 1982 and massacred
17,500, this act of terror was supported by the US.
Since
1945 the US has toppled some 30 governments and supported every
dictator imaginable (Pol Pot, Mobuto, Amin, Marcos, Papa Doc Duvalier
and Saddam Hussein) whilst seriously interfering in the domestic
affairs of almost 70 countries.
In
recent years the US has devastated Iraq in continuous bombing raids –
even for using radar to scan airspace from which its air force is
excluded. During the 40-day Gulf War, US planes dropped 177 million
pounds of explosives on Iraq – the greatest aerial bombardment in
history. It has imposed sanctions on Iraq that have resulted in the
deaths of perhaps two million people and bombed Iraq in defence of
the Kurds from the same air bases Turkey has used to bomb Kurdish
villages. In the wake of the Gulf War, the US mercilessly attacked a
retreating Iraqi army on the Basra road and quite literally fried to
death 60,000 ill-equipped, ill-trained soldiers, the vast majority
never wanting any part in the conflict in the first place. Two weeks
ago, the US and Britain again joined hands in a bombing raid on Iraq.
It wasn’t even reported in most Western newspapers. And where is
the three-minutes’ silence for the 500,000 Iraqi children who have
died of hunger and disease as a result of US sanctions in the past 10
years – a figure which Madeleine Albright described recently as “a
price worth paying”?
There
was of course a time when the US couldn’t help Iraq enough. During
the Iran-Iraq war, the US gave its full blessing to Iraqi atrocities,
even supplying Iraq with the chemical weapons it used on the small
town of Halabjah in 1988 with the loss of 5,000 innocent lives.
Indeed, in 1987 when Iraq attacked the USS Stark, killing 37
servicemen, there was no US response as the White House was keen at
the time that Iraq got the upper hand in its war with Iran so as
weaken Iran’s threat to the West’s oil supplies.
The
US has launched attacks upon Libya, Somalia and Grenada, propped up
right wing tendencies in Panama, Chile, Brazil, Haiti, El Salvador,
Nicaragua and Colombia. In Africa it supported the gangster Savimbi
as he tried to make Angola more hellish for its impoverished
millions, adopted a policy of “constructive engagement” with
South Africa’s apartheid machine and was all to willing to shoulder
up with South Africa in its war with the frontline states. In the
Middle East it has propped up despotic regimes in Saudi Arabia and
the Gulf whilst at the same time backing Israel. This year alone
Israel is receiving $6 in free US aid, in direct contravention of
Congress rulings. During the retaliatory raids following the attacks
on the US embassies in Africa, the US fired 70 cruise missiles into
Afghanistan and killed many thousands in Sudan (a true figure is not
available because the US blocked the proposed UN inquiry). The US
ruling class’s catalogue of shame is indeed a deep one and we can
only begin to scratch at its surface
Appalling
losses of life
Whilst the 11 September attack resulted in an
appalling loss of innocent life which no sane person could condone,
the wonder is that the US has escaped the attention of terrorists for
so long. For the poignant truth is that there are millions who have
been murdered defeated, demoralised, impoverished and crushed by the
US ruling class and its allies and who could well have turned to the
pathos of terrorism as a means of evening up the score. Who knows the
number of US-created Frankensteins walking the world, prepared to
destroy the life of their master? This is not to suggest the US
“deserves” to be bombed, but hints at the number of enemies the
US ruling class has created in pursuit of global domination, forever
trying to carve out larger chunks of the world on behalf of its
corporate elite.
If
we set this terrorist attack in a wider context, however, the loss of
life in New York and Washington, whilst horrendous, is by no means
the worst there has been. For instance, we can’t realistically
comprehend the horror of the dying days of World War Two when, in one
night alone, 100,000 died in a 1000-bomber raid on Dresden. If we
make a comparison to the present, is it not an atrocity that 40,000
children die of starvation each day? Is it not a most heinous crime
when 1,000 children die each hour of preventable disease (these are
UNICEF statistics) and do we not find sickening the thought that
twice that number of women die or suffer disability during pregnancy
because of a lack of simple remedies or medical attention? We are
speaking here of a Hiroshima a day which never gets reported, which
is taken as accepted because it is so much a part of our way of life
in capitalist society. Where is the 25-page newspaper pull-out that
accompanies the recent WHO revelation that more people died of
starvation in the last two years than were killed in two world wars?
Whilst
we gasp in disbelief at the deaths of 5,000 workers in the biggest
terrorist attack in history, it is worth pausing and remembering that
the US, Britain, France, China and Russia have between them thousands
of nuclear weapons capable of destroying the planet a hundred times
over. Any one of these war-heads is indeed capable of creating death
and destruction on a scale that would make the attack in question
look like a playground firecracker. Where are the protests at this
arsenal of destruction?
This
in no way diminishes the fact that there has been an enormous loss of
life in the USA. Those lying dead beneath the rubble in New York are
our fellow workers—make no mistake about it—members of the
working class, murdered whilst they were being exploited. Whilst we
are revolted, as socialists we certainly do not crave the comfort of
revenge. We take a more considered view.
Civilisation?
Western
leaders have claimed the attack to be an assault on civilisation. But
what is this civilisation that has been attacked, where 600 million
have no home, where 800 million are chronically malnourished, where 1
billion have no access to clean water? What is this civilisation
where three individuals have more wealth than the combined income of
the world’s 48 poorest nations? How can we defend a “civilisation”
where food is destroyed to keep prices high and scientists employed
on weapons programmes whilst children die of preventable disease?
Since
the attacks on New York and Washington, The US and British media has
become a history exclusion zone, feeding only the whipped-up
contagion of patriotism, whilst flag-waving and the repetitious
singing of anthems trigger, in Pavlovian fashion, a national epidemic
of jingoism, the only cure for which is reprisals. The dominant view
is that extremists the world over are intent on destroying democracy
and western civilisation – a near sighted perspective which washes
well with a news-hungry audience whose knowledge of US foreign policy
and basic international affairs makes it impossible for them to
separate reality from distortion.
US
Vice President Dick Cheney has demanded bin Laden’s head on a
platter whilst his liege, Bush, informs the world that the US will
not only target terrorists but those who harbour terrorists. The
popular vision now is of US F-16’s and stealth bombers leaving US
bases in Diego Garcia, Incilirik and from the carriers of the 5th and
6th fleets in the Middle East, their mission to level the
breeding ground of Islamic terrorism – Afghanistan and any other
states suspected of wittingly giving them refuge.
For
the belligerent Bush, a war-monger long before his ascendancy to the
White House, the terrorist attacks on mainland USA must be a blessing
in disguise, providing Republican hawks and their bellicose corporate
backers with a prime pretext with which to reinforce US hegemonic
credentials and perhaps forge ahead with a costly National Missile
Defense System now that the reality has struck home that the USA, or
rather its profit-mongers and military machine, are loathed around
the world.
The
attacks on the US will perhaps serve to show Republican hawks the
futility of this proposal. These hijacked planes could well have
flown into nuclear power stations or bases containing US stockpiles
of biological weapons (the US is the world’s biggest stockpiler of
such weapons). They may well have carried small nuclear devices. The
most sophisticated missile defence system imaginable simply cannot be
programmed to read the mind of a religious fanatic incensed with the
notion that his death (and those of 10,000 infidels with him) is a
passport to heaven.
Bush
may well speak of the terrorism the US faces from Islamic
fundamentalism, but what about the global threat from US
fundamentalism? Since coming to power, Bush has helped scupper the
1997 Kyoto Protocol on emissions and all but wiped his presidential
backside on the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and the
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. His attitude to treaties and
conventions suggests he has already declared war on the planet and
that US foreign policy will continue as before and with one aim –
to ensure the 21st Century is another “American Century”.
Bush
claims that this is the first war of the 21st Century but it is just
one battle in a larger war that began in 1945 with the US determined
to control the world’s resources, and there is more than ample
evidence to prove this. More importantly, though, The entire episode
serves to show the insanity of the system we live in, and the
desperate need to wrest control of our planet away from the madmen
before it is indeed too late. In the 20th century, some 220
million lost their lives in wars, in conflicts over trade routes,
areas of influence, foreign markets, mineral wealth and the strategic
points from which the same can be defended or in other words, in the
name of profit.
The
solution to the ongoing insanity, we insist, remains the same. There
is one world and we exist as one people in need of each other and
with the same basic needs. There is far more that unites us than can
ever divide us along cultural, nationalistic or religious lines.
Together we can create a civilisation worth living in, but before
that happens we need the conscious Cupertino of ordinary people
across the world, united in one common cause – to create a world in
which each person has free access to the benefits of civilisation, a
world without borders or frontiers, social classes or leaders and a
world in which production is at last freed from the artificial
constraints of profit and used for the good of humanity – socialism.'
https://www.worldsocialism.org/spgb/socialist-standard/2000s/2001/no-1167-october-2001/editorial-terrorism-versus-terrorism/