As much of the developed world battens down the hatches in the face of coronavirus, many millions of people haven't much hope in following the World Health Organization (WHO) advice on washing hands and keeping their distance.
About one billion people live in slum-like conditions, making up 30% of the world's urban population. These housing facilities tend to have very little ventilation, drainage and sewage facilities, with diseases spreading easily.
Celestine Adhiambo, 43, lives in the Mukuru slum in Nairobi with her husband and six children. The family's one-room house has no running water or electricity. She says her children can't move around much without banging into each other.
"It is not possible for us to separate a child from another in case of any infection. We don't have any space. No rooms here..."
Her husband works as a carpenter and on the days he works, he earns about 400 Kenyan Shillings (£3.15, $4) and every day the family spends about 50 shillings on buying 10 buckets of water. But the water supply is erratic and on days when there is no water, the family has to forgo the quick bath they are accustomed to.
Over half-a-million people live in Mukuru. The houses are made from cardboard or plastic material while those who are better off have houses made from corrugated iron sheets. There is no waste collection, with most of it going directly into the river.
Local NGO Mercy Mukuru runs four primary schools in the area with a total of around 7,000 students. About half of the students cannot afford soap, according to its head, Mary Killeen.
"I am worried. If the virus spreads in our locality it will be terrible," Ms Adhiambo said.
Dr Pierre Mpele, a former WHO representative who has worked in many countries in central and West Africa says African households can be more crowded and in some cases, up to 12 people will share a small house. "Self-quarantine is not possible in many places," he says.
It's not just slums that are struggling with the availability of water. The cities of Johannesburg and Chennai both almost ran out of water last year.
Shanthi Sasindranath, a mother of two who lives in the outskirts of Chennai told the BBC: "If there is a shortage like last year, it will be difficult to get clean water to wash our hands multiple times."
During the water shortages last year, her family was able to survive by buying untreated water from agricultural wells located more than 50km away. There are very few public toilets and water points, and she says people aren't following public health advice.
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