Leading pharmaceutical companies paid millions of pounds to former East Germany to use more that 50,000 patients in state-run hospitals as unwitting guinea pigs for drug tests in which several people died, it was revealed today.
An investigation by the German magazine Der Spiegel said international conglomerates such as Bayer, Hoechst, Roche, Schering and Sandoz carried out more than 600 tests on patients, mostly without their knowledge, at hospitals and clinics in the former state.
The companies were said to have paid the regime the equivalent of €400,000 (£338,000) per test. Schering, a concern which now belongs to Bayer, was said to have offered East Germany the equivalent of €3m to carry out a series of tests at an East Berlin hospital.
Pharmaceutical companies are known to have turned to cash-strapped Eastern Bloc countries in their search for human guinea pigs after the 1960s thalidomide scandal which obliged them to carry out rigorous tests on their products before they could be sold. In the West, the law stipulated that any patients taking part in such tests had to be fully informed of the risks involved. However, in East Germany such restrictions were waived or “modified” in an increasingly desperate effort to procure enough hard currency to rescue an ailing economy.
Roche tested the “blood-booster” Epo on 30 premature babies. Bayer was also revealed to have tested Nimodipin – a drug designed to improve blood circulation in the brain– on a group of alcoholics who were suffering from such acute delirium that they could not give their consent.
The controls on knowing consent were introduced in the wake of Nazi doctors experimenting on the concentration camp victims.
An investigation by the German magazine Der Spiegel said international conglomerates such as Bayer, Hoechst, Roche, Schering and Sandoz carried out more than 600 tests on patients, mostly without their knowledge, at hospitals and clinics in the former state.
The companies were said to have paid the regime the equivalent of €400,000 (£338,000) per test. Schering, a concern which now belongs to Bayer, was said to have offered East Germany the equivalent of €3m to carry out a series of tests at an East Berlin hospital.
Pharmaceutical companies are known to have turned to cash-strapped Eastern Bloc countries in their search for human guinea pigs after the 1960s thalidomide scandal which obliged them to carry out rigorous tests on their products before they could be sold. In the West, the law stipulated that any patients taking part in such tests had to be fully informed of the risks involved. However, in East Germany such restrictions were waived or “modified” in an increasingly desperate effort to procure enough hard currency to rescue an ailing economy.
Roche tested the “blood-booster” Epo on 30 premature babies. Bayer was also revealed to have tested Nimodipin – a drug designed to improve blood circulation in the brain– on a group of alcoholics who were suffering from such acute delirium that they could not give their consent.
The controls on knowing consent were introduced in the wake of Nazi doctors experimenting on the concentration camp victims.
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